DNA/RNA
Non-viral chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are gaining attention for their cancer-killing ability with reduced side effects. Traditional CAR-T cell engineering relies on lentivirus, which causes random chromosomal integration, permanent CAR expression, and adverse effects from persistent immunologic stimulation. To address these issues, mRNA-based CAR-T therapy offers a promising alternative by enabling temporary yet effective CAR expression in T cells.