The prototype ligand of theTNFsuperfamily, TNF-./TNFSF1A, is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and apoptosis .TNF-. is produced by activated macrophages and other cell types including T and B cells, NK cells, LAK cells, astrocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some tumor cells .

Rat TNF-. cDNA encodes a 235 amino acid (aa) residue type II membrane protein . The 156 aa residue soluble TNF-.is released from the C-terminus of the membrane-anchored TNF-. by TNF-.-converting enzyme (TACE), a matrix metalloprotease .

The membrane-anchored form of TNF-. has been shown to have lytic activity and may also have an important role in intercellular communication . The biologically active TNF-. has been shown to exist as a trimer .TNF-. is reported to promote inflammatory cell infiltration by upregulating leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, serve as a chemotactic agent for monocytes, and activate phagocyte killing mechanisms . Deficiencies in either TNF-. or its receptors can increase susceptibility to infection by intracellular pathogens . TNF-. may also play a role in lymphoid tissue development. Knockout mice lack splenic B cell follicles and the ability to form germinal centers . Other potential physiological roles for TNF-. and its receptors include regulating the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells .

• Aluminium pouches with a Microwell Plate coated with monoclonal antibody to rat TNF-a (8 x 12)
• 2 vials rat TNF-a Standard lyophilized, 2000 pg/ml upon reconstitution
• 2 vials concentrated Biotin-Conjugate anti-rat TNF-a antibody
• 2 vials Streptavidin-HRP solution
• 1 bottle Standard /sample Diluent
• 1 bottle Biotin-Conjugate antibody Diluent
• 1 bottle Streptavidin-HRP Diluent
• 1 bottle Wash Buffer Concentrate 20x (PBS with 1% Tween-20)
• 1 vial Substrate Solution
• 1 vial Stop Solution
• 4 pieces Adhesive Films
• package insert