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Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate is a synthetic quinine derivative commonly used as an antimalarial drug [1]. It is also useful in managing systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases. Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptor 7/9(TLR7/9) [1-3].
Five micromolar Hydroxychloroquine sulfate or chloroquine also has no measurable effect on intracellular pH, although these concentrations can inhibit TLR9 or 7 signaling induced by DNA or RNA ligands [4].
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is prescribed for the treatment of lupus, and both Hydroxychloroquine sulfate and its analog chloroquine inhibit TLR7 and 9 signaling [4].
References:
[1] Ben-Zvi I, Kivity S, Langevitz P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine: From Malaria to Autoimmunity. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol, 2012, 42 (2): 145-153.
[2] Yildirim-Toruner C, Diamond B. Current and novel therapeutics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2011, 127 (2): 303-312.
[3] Swierkot J, and Szechinski J. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol. Rep, 2006, 58 (4): 473-492.
[4] Lamphier M, et al. Novel small molecule inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9: mechanism of action and efficacy in vivo. Mol Pharmacol, 2014, 85 (3): 429-40.
Cell lines
Human renal cell cancer (RCC) cell lines, ACHN, Caki-1 and 769-P
Reaction Conditions
0 ~ 125 μM hydroxychloroquine for 48 h incubation
Applications
Hydroxychloroquine treatment inhibited growth of all three lines in a dose dependent manner. At the highest concentration of hydroxychloroquine, cell growth inhibition was similar between all three lines, ranging between 43 and 56%.
Animal models
MRL/lpr mice
Dosage form
60 mg/kg
Administered orally five times a week
Hydroxychloroquine was used as a control, exhibiting no impact on anti-dsDNA antibodies, whereas cytoxan caused a statistically significant suppression in anti-nuclear antibody titers. Hydroxychloroquine, as an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9), could be a useful tool to study the mechanism and efficacy of other TLR7/9 inhibitors in vivo.
Note
The technical data provided above is for reference only.
1. Lee HO, Mustafa A, Hudes GR, et al. Hydroxychloroquine destabilizes phospho-S6 in human renal carcinoma cells. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7): e0131464.
2. Lamphier M, Zheng W, Latz E, et al. Novel small molecule inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9: mechanism of action and efficacy in vivo. Molecular Pharmacology, 2014, 85(3): 429-440.